Autism, known as autism spectrum
condition (ASC), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) generally starts in early
childhood if a child has some of the
following symptoms:
(1) Qualitative loss in social interaction:
(a) Difficulty
in utilizing a range of non-verbal cues, including eye contact, facial expressions, body language, and gestures, to effectively manage social
interactions.
(b) Inability
to form relationships that align with one's developmental stage
(2) Restricted, repetitive, and
stereotyped patterns of behaviour, interests, and activities:
(a) Preoccupied
with one or more stereotyped and restricted patterns of interest that are abnormal in either its intensity or focus and encompass one's attention and
thoughts.
(b) Inflexible
adherence to specific, non-functional routines or rituals.
(c) Repetitive
movements of the motor system, such as flapping or twisting of the hands or fingers, or complex movements involving the entire body.
(3) Delays or abnormal functioning in the following areas, with onset before
age 3 years:
(a) Social
interaction
(b) Language
as used in social communication
(c) Symbolic
or imaginative play
Autism refers to a collection of loosely defined neurodevelopmental issues
that are characterized by difficulties in social interaction, verbal and
nonverbal communication, repetitive behaviours, and restricted interests. Individuals
with autism may exhibit unusual responses to sensory stimuli and have a
preference for sameness or adherence to routines.
Autism is considered a spectrum disorder because it can manifest
differently in each person, with varying degrees of severity and frequency.
Some individuals with autism may require more support than others, and some may
be nonspeaking while others have proficient spoken language.
Autistic individuals often face numerous challenges as a result of their
impaired social skills. Their deficits in this area may adversely affect their
ability to build and maintain healthy relationships, carry out daily
activities, and achieve success in their careers. A study conducted on the
outcomes of autistic adults showed that they were less likely to be married
compared to the general population, although it remains unclear whether this is
attributable to social skill deficits, intellectual impairment, or other
factors. One possible contributor to this discrepancy is the perpetuation of
myths and stereotypes about autistic individuals, such as the misguided belief
that they lack empathy. Discrimination against autistic people is another
significant factor that can impede their social and occupational success.
Origin
Traditionally, psychiatry has classified autism as a neurodevelopmental
disorder, but the autism rights movement and some researchers view autism as
part of neurodiversity, which emphasizes the natural diversity in human
thinking and experience. According to this perspective, autism should be
accommodated as a difference rather than cured or prevented. While autistic
individuals may still require support, they should be accommodated rather than
treated as if they need to be cured. This view of the condition has sparked
controversy among autistic individuals and their advocates, practitioners, and
charities.
Autism is a complex disorder with various potential causes, and there are
numerous theories surrounding its development. While it is believed to be
largely genetic, there is evidence to suggest that environmental factors may
also play a role. Additionally, autism often co-occurs with other conditions
such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, epilepsy, and intellectual
disability.
Research into the causes of autism has faced challenges due to the
difficulty in identifying biologically meaningful subgroups within the autistic
population and the traditional boundaries between different disciplines.
However, newer technologies such as functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can aid in identifying biologically
relevant phenotypes observable on brain scans, which can further neurogenetic
studies of autism.
For instance, studies have shown lowered activity in the fusiform face area
of the brain in individuals with autism, which is associated with the impaired
perception of people versus objects. Such findings can contribute to the
identification of genetic markers and other biological factors that play a role
in the development of autism.
It has been suggested that a classification system for autism that
incorporates both genetics and behaviour could be useful in advancing our
understanding of the disorder. This would involve identifying genetic markers
that are associated with specific observable traits or behaviours, which could
help with early diagnosis and personalized treatment approaches for individuals
with autism.
Despite ongoing research, there are still disagreements about the diagnosis
of autism, the existence of meaningful subtypes, and the significance of
autism-related traits in the wider population. Furthermore, as diagnostic
criteria have become broader and awareness has increased, estimates of autism
prevalence have steadily increased. However, this does not indicate an "autism
epidemic" and the notion that vaccines are a cause of autism is a myth
that has been perpetuated.
Treatment/cure
Autism cases range from 1 in 500 to 1000 children having its symptoms in any
shape. There is currently no known cure for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and
it is widely understood to be a lifelong condition. However, with early
intervention, individuals with ASD can learn important skills and strategies
that can help them manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.
There are also various therapies and treatments available that can help
individuals with ASD improve their social, communication, and behavioural skills.
It's important to remember that each person with ASD is unique, and the most
effective treatment approach may vary depending on individual needs and
circumstances. It can be managed through applied behaviour analysis, cognitive
behavioural therapy, occupational therapy, psychotropic medication and
speech-language pathology.
Children with speech delays can benefit from early behavioural
interventions that can improve their self-care, social, and language skills.
For those with higher support needs, achieving independent living may be
challenging, and therefore, interventions should focus on identifying and
mastering alternative communication methods. Scientific evidence shows that
risperidone and aripiprazole, both atypical antipsychotic drugs, can
effectively alleviate the associated symptoms of irritability in individuals
with autism. Top of Form
Recently, Acupuncture has shown remarkable progress in the treatment of
autism. One possible explanation for its effectiveness is based on the medical
theory that autism is caused by a neuroendocrine dysfunction and the improper
production of opioids.
Recent studies have revealed that tongue acupuncture is making significant
strides in addressing dysfunctions associated with autism. Tongue acupuncture
is being explored as a potential treatment for various brain disorders in
children, including blindness, cerebral palsy, and autism. Its condition, such
as colour, thickness, dryness, smell, and superficial growth, is reflective of
the heart's state and helps doctors in determining the appropriate treatment.
While alternative treatments like tongue acupuncture and dietary
adjustments should be considered complementary approaches to autism
treatment, these early and encouraging findings offer an innovative starting
point for a new system of autism treatment.
Conclusion
Overall, advances in technology, interdisciplinary collaboration and social
care are key to unlocking the mysteries of autism and improving the lives of
those affected by it. If they are
followed seriously, patients with Autism can Lead A Happy Life.
Be happy
–Patients with Autism can Lead a Happy Life.